Compare and Contrast the aims, strategies and personalities of Charles Essay

Compare and Contrast the aims, strategies and personalities of Charles Stewart Parnell and Daniel OConnell - Essay Example The greatest and common mission of the two personalities was to agitate for liberation of Ireland that they ended not achieving. The two personalities used various strategies in advancing their views. Some strategies were similar while others were different. Following are similarities and differences in terms of personalities, aims and strategies of the two Irish icons with relations to their political and social life. One of the similarities is that both Charles Parnell and Daniel O’Connell were children of Ireland born in Ireland. Both attained university education and were reliable members of their respective societies in the advancement of the rights and needs of their people. Daniel and Parnell had similar feelings about Ireland and wanted to see their country freed from British anarchy and enabled to practice self-rule. Despite being Catholics, the family of Daniel O’Connell also owned land, as did the Parnell family. Daniel O’Connell entered politics in 1828 as the British Member of Parliament for County of Clare1. This happened after he spent a lot of time in activism, which was contrary to Charles Parnell who entered politics short time after graduation. Same to Charles Parnell, Daniel O’Connell used the poor peasants and farmers to agitate for the advancement of his views. Charles Stewart Parnell was a remarkable Irish nationalist born on 27th June 1846 in the County of Wicklow. Parnell was the third son and seventh offspring of an Anglo-Irish father John Parnell Henry and American mother Delia Stewart Tudor. Charles Stewart Parnell gained higher education from Cambridge University. Historical records also show that Charles Parnell attained most of his education in England. In 1875 after completing his studies, Charles secured election into the parliament where he served as collaborate of the Irish

Cross-border MA Deals in Vietnam

Cross-border MA Deals in Vietnam The period from 1995 to 2006 There were few MA from TNCs from 1995 to 2006. In this period the legal system in Vietnam had almost no specific provisions for MA, however, until 2006 there were 29 cross-border deals with a total value of 196 million dollars. Those activities was performed on a small scale. A remarkable transaction in this period is when Colgate-Palmolive purchased Son Hai LLC, which owned Da Lan – a famous toothpaste brand name in Vietnam at that time, at three million US dollars (Nguyen 2012). At that moment Da Lan maintained about 30 percent of Vietnam toothpaste market share. However, in 2005 MA market in Vietnam was marked by the introduction of the Enterprise Law including provisions on mergers and acquisitions. In addition, the equitization of State enterprises has been adopted by the Government. Subsequently, other documents such as the 2005 Law on Investment and the 2006 Securities Law also encouraged MA from TNCs. The year 2007 2007 was a year of tremendous growth of MA from TNCs in Vietnam. This is the year after Vietnam joined WTO, and the country had to fulfil its international commitments and improved the investment environment by reforming the legal system and foreign investment policies. Consequently, that event attracted foreign investors to Vietnam MA market. The evidence is that the number and value of MA deals by TNCs in 2007 increased 700 and 1400 percent respectively compared with the previous year. These number marked a turning point in Vietnam MA market. The year 2008 There were some events, which affected cross-border MA market, occurred in 2008. Government decree 139, which became effective on 1 January 2008, remains in force. The decree in principle removed limits on foreign ownership ratios in Vietnamese companies except in relation to public listed companies where the 49 percent cap remained in place (along with a 40 percent cap in public non-listed companies). In addition, sector specific limitations, most importantly in telecoms, financial services and other services remained in place. In addition, one of the most significant regulatory developments in 2008 arising from WTO membership obligations was the granting of licenses to wholly foreign owned banks. The first recipients of such licenses were HSBC, Standard Chartered and ANZ Bank. The number of MA from TNCs in 2008 was 30, increased about 200 percent compared with the number in 2007. The value of all cross-border MA deals was US$ 859 million, increased about 200 percent with the number in the previous year. Notable cross-border MA deals in 2008 included: In July, Jardine Cycle Carriage Limited (JCC) announced that it had acquired a 12 percent interest in Truong Hai Auto Corporation (THACO), a leading Vietnamese automotive company, for a cost of approximately $41 million. In August, JCC acquired a further 8 percent stake for US$ 39 million. THACO was established in Vietnam in 1997 and incorporated as a joint stock company in 2007. THACO’s principal activities include the manufacture, assembly, distribution, retail, repair and maintenance of commercial and passenger vehicles in Vietnam under the Kia, Foton, King Long, Hyundai and THACO brands. The company operates through a network of showrooms and dealers throughout the country. Under the agreement, the Singapore-based company will help THACO promote its automobile sales in Vietnam and other markets in the region. In August, France’s Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale, which has had representative offices in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City since 1989 and is amongst the market leaders in Project and Export Finance in Vietnam, announced the acquisition of 15 percent of Southeast Asia Bank (SeABank). It is understood that Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale may rise its holding to 20 percent in the future, the maximum allowable under the current regulations. Financial terms of the deal were not disclosed. Headquartered in Hanoi, SeABank has a network of 55 branches and transaction offices covering Vietnam’s principal economic centers. Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale committed to provide technical assistance to SeABank particularly in the fields of risk management, technology, and international payment services and to strengthen its retail banking product offerings. In August, HSBC became the first foreign bank in Vietnam authorized to hold a 20 percent interest in a domestic bank by increasing its stake in the Vietnam Technological and Commercial Joint Stock Bank (Techcombank) from 14.4 percent to 20 percent. Also in August, in a deal valued at approximately US$ 9.1 million, Daikin Industries Ltd. Of Japan bought Viet Kim Co., a Ho Chi Minh City-based air conditioner distributor. In October, the Asian operating arm of Bunge Limited announced its acquisition of a 50 percent stake in the owner/operator of Phu My Port. The investment provides Bunge with greater opportunities to serve its customers in the growing market for agricultural commodities in Vietnam. The port is located on the Thi Vai River, approximately 70 kilometers from Ho Chi Minh City and is near a large number of commercial feed mills. Phu My Port is the only commercial dry bulk port in Vietnam capable of receiving large, Panamax-class ships. According to Bunge, market forecasts call for aggregate volumes of soybean meal, corn and wheat imports to increase by approximately 10 percent per year over the next five years. United Overseas Bank (UOB), incorporated in Singapore, announced an increase in its shareholding in The Southern Commercial Joint Stock Bank of Vietnam (Southern Bank) from 10 percent to 15 percent in October 2008. The deal value was US$ 15.6 million. UOB purchased its initial 10 percent stake in January 2007 and pledged to provide technical assistance to Southern Bank as part of the agreement. Also in October, Nippon Steel Corp signed a memorandum of understanding to acquire a 10 percent to 20 percent stake in POSCO-Vietnam Co. Ltd., a cold-rolled mill manufacturer and a wholly owned unit of POSCO Co. Ltd., of Korea. A plant owned by POSCO-Vietnam Co. Ltd, which is under construction in the south of the country, has an investment value of approximately US$ 530 million and is expected to start production in September 2009. In December, TBWA Worldwide announced the acquisition of a â€Å"significant shareholding† in Biz Solutions, one of the leading integrated marketing communications agencies in Vietnam. TBWA is committed to bring its global integrated marketing brand â€Å"Tequila† to Vietnam by rebranding Biz Solutions as Biz Tequila. TBWA indicated that the acquisition is part of a long-term investment program in Vietnam in anticipation of significant future growth in the country. In another notable deal in December 2008, Watson Wyatt Worldwide Inc., a global consulting firm, announced that it had acquired SMART Human Resource Vietnam Company Limited (SMART HR), an HR consulting firm. By establishing its operations in Vietnam through this acquisition, Watson Wyatt is aiming to provide its global and regional clients with consulting advice in what it considers one of Asia’s most dynamic emerging markets. The year 2009 Although the number of MA from TNCs continuously increased about 17 percent, their value decreased sharply over 70 percent compared with 2008. The most notable cross-border deals announced during the year were: In October, HSBC Insurance (Asia Pacific) Holdings Limited (HSBC) signed an agreement to increase its shareholding in Bao Viet Holdings, Vietnams leading insurance and financial services group, to 18 percent from the current level of 10 percent for a consideration of VND1.88 trillion (approximately US$105.3 million). A total of 53,682,474 new shares will be issued to HSBC through a private placement to increase HSBCs stake. As part of the original agreement, HSBC continues to hold certain pre-emptive rights allowing it to acquire shares currently owned by the Ministry of Finance with a maximum permitted HSBC shareholding of 25 percent in the five years from signing of the agreement and at prevailing foreign ownership limits thereafter. In October, Taipei Fubon Commercial Bank Co Ltd, a Taiwan based provider of commercial banking services and a subsidiary of Fubon Financial Holding Company Ltd, a listed Taiwan based financial services company, acquired the Vietnamese branches of Chinfon Commercial Bank Co Ltd, a Taiwan based commercial bank and a subsidiary of Central Deposit Insurance Corporation, a Taiwan based deposit insurance company, for a consideration of US$ 78.1 million. In November, a leading Japanese food and beverage company, House Foods Corporation (House Foods), signed an agreement to make an investment of approximately US$20 million in Masan Group Corporation by acquiring 9 million new ordinary shares at a price of approximately VND40,000 per share, representing a stake of around 1.85 percent of the Group’s enlarged share capital. The transaction valued Masan Group Corporation at over US$1 billion. Companies that Masan Group owns and in which it invests include Masan Food Corporation, one of Vietnam’s largest food and beverage companies, and Techcombank, a leading Joint Stock Commercial Bank in which HSBC is a strategic partner. Masan Food Corporation, established in 2003, holds a market share of approximately 50 percent in some of Vietnam’s most popular food product subsectors, including fish sauce and soy sauce. House Foods, founded in 1913 and listed on both the Tokyo and Osaka Stock Exchanges since 1971, is one of the l argest food and beverage players in Japan with a dominant position in the curry category. In July, POSCO, a listed South Korea based steel manufacturer agreed to acquire a 90 percent stake in Asia Stainless Corporation (â€Å"ASC†), a Vietnam based manufacturer of stainless steel, for an estimated consideration of US$50 million. With a current annual capacity of 30,000 tons, ASC (located near Ho Chi Minh City) has plans to expand its production capacity to 85,000 tons per annum by 2010. In December, Sapporo Holdings Limited, a listed Japanese company with interests in alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, restaurants and real estate, agreed to acquire Kronenbourg Vietnam Limited, a Vietnam based producer of beer, from Vietnam National Tobacco Corporation (Vinataba), a Vietnam based company engaged in manufacturing and production of tobacco and cigarettes, and Carlsberg Breweries A/S for a consideration of US$ 25.4million. Under the terms of the agreement, Sapporo acquired a 50 percent stake from Carlsberg Breweries A/S and a further 15 percent stake from Vinataba. The remaining 35 percent stake will continue to be held by Vinataba. Upon completion of the transaction, Kronenbourg Vietnam Limited will be renamed Sapporo Vietnam Limited. The year 2010 In this year both the number and value of MA from TNCs decreased and fall to the bottom during the period from 2007 to 2011. While the number diminished about 8,5 percent the value diminished significantly 60 percent. The most notable cross-border deals announced during the year were: State-owned Oman Investment Fund acquired a 12.6% stake, or 20.208 million ordinary shares, in Hanoibased Petrovietnam Insurance JSC, a unit of state-owned Vietnam National Oil Gas Group (PetroVietnam), for VND40,000 (US$2.12) per share, or a total value of VND808.3 billion (US$42.84 million). Gamuda Land Sdn Bhd, a wholly-owned unit of Gamuda Bhd of Malaysia, agreed to acquire a 60% interest in Sai Gon Thuong Tin Tan Thang Investment Real Estate JSC, a Ho Chi Minh City based real estate development firm majority owned by Sai Gon Thuong Tin Real Estate JSC (Sacomreal), from Sacomreal for VND 23,889 (US$1.29) per share, or a total value of VND 1.533 trillion (US$82.8 million) in cash. Fullerton Financial Holdings Pte Ltd of Singapore acquired a 15% stake, in Mekong Development Joint Stock Commercial Bank, a Long Xuyen-based bank for an undisclosed amount. Orix Corporation of Japan acquired a 25% stake, or 11.408 million ordinary shares in Indochina Capital Vietnam Holdings Ltd, a real estate fund manager and provider of financial services, in a privately negotiated transaction. Commonwealth Bank of Australia, acquired a 15% stake in Vietnam International Commercial Joint Stock Bank (VIB). Whilst information on pricing of this transaction was not made public, this is likely to be one largest deal in terms of deal size since VIB is one of the largest private banks in Vietnam. TNK-BP Holding of Russia, a 50:50 joint venture between BP PLC (BP) and Alfa Group Consortium, agreed to acquire a 35% stake in an offshore natural gas block belonging to BP Plc. Concurrently, TNK-BP agreed to acquire a 32.7% stake in the Nam Con Son Pipeline and Terminal and 33.3% stake in Phi My 3 BOT Power Co Ltd. These transactions were part of a larger overall transaction estimated to have a combined value of US$1.8 billion. The year 2011 The cross-border MA market showed a sign of recovery in 2011 while both the number and value of cross-border MA deals reached higher levels than the year 2008. The number and value increased 35 percent and 1100 percent respectively compared with the previous year. Notable cross-border MA deals in 2011 included: C.P Pokphand, China’s leading animal feed producer bought 70.8 % stake in C.P Vietnam Livestock Co, 100% owned by Thai Charoen Pokphand Group and one of the leading livestock and seafood companies in Vietnam, for $609 million to control Vietnam market. C.P Vietnam, established in 1993, holds a 20% of animal feed market share, 77% of industrial pig farming market and 30% of chicken raising in Vietnam. Holding 70.8% stake in C.P Vietnam is a good opportunity for C.P. Pokphand Co to create an animal feed supply channel from Vietnam and make impact on the prices. VimpelCom spent $196 million to raise its stake in Gtel- Mobile to 49%, to increase its controlling power and actively manage Beeline after 1 year of poor performance. Gtel- Mobile is the developer of Beeline system worth $670 million of which 40% is owned by Vimpelcom and 60% by Gtel. After 1 year of operation, Gtel- Mobile had only 200,000 subscribers compared with the target of 1 million. Vimpelcom decided to pay $196 million to raise its stake in GTel Mobile by 9% to 49% and became Beeline controlling party. Unicharm Corp. acquired a 95% stake of Diana Joint Stock Co for $128 million. Diana currently holds 30% disposable diaper and 40% toilet paper in Vietnam. Unicharm, a Japanese producer of similar goods, targeted to invest in technology and expand production to become the biggest company in Vietnam in disposable diaper and toilet paper. The current market leader in the industry is 100% American owned Kimberly-Clark Co. Unicharm has 25% market share in the Asian but had not appeared in Vietnam before the deal. Diana is a family-run company and the divestment worth $128 million after 15 years from establishment was a remarkable investment. CJ CGV spent $73.6 million acquiring 80% Megastar Media Company (Megastar), Vietnams leading cinema owner and film distributor with 300% annual revenue growth. The Seoul-based CJ-CGV Ltd, an operator of 75 multiplex movie theatres with 610 screens in Korea, a multiplex in Koreantown Los Angeles and five others in China, bought 80% stake of Megastar through acquiring 92% stake in Virgin Islands-registered Envoy Media Partners. Buying Megastar was a part of CJ-CGV’s strategy to expand operation in Vietnam and India. The group planned to spend $23 million in expanding Megastar screen system in Vietnam. This was considered a good deal for CJ-CGV to enter Vietnam’s entertainment market with high growth rate in recent years. Fortis Healthcare International spent $64 million to buy 65% stake in Vietnams Hoan My Medical Corp with nearly 1000 beds. This was the Fortis Healthcare International’s sixth investment in Asia in the past eight months and an important step in consolidating its comprehensive healthcare service in Asia- Pacific. Besides getting support in technology, technique and management skills from Fortis Healthcare International, Hoan My can take advantage of its size and prestige to sustainably develop through improving service quality. Marico, a leading consumer and service firm in India, bought 85% stake of International Consumer Products (ICP) for $62 million. Marico is one of the top consumer goods firms in India with annual revenue of $600 million, focusing on beauty and wellness products. ICP, founded in 2001, has flagship brands such as X-men and Lovite and generated $25 million revenue in 2010 with average CAGR growth of 23% in the past three years. Jollibee Foods bought 49% stake in Viet Thai International (VTI) which owns Highlands Coffee chain. The agreement included VTI’s transferring 60% of its business in Hong Kong (the owner of Hard Rock Cafà ©) to Jollibee Foods and getting a $35 million loan from Jollibee Foods with an interest rate of 5% p.a., due in 2016. After the deal, the joint venture was expected to own 139 stores including 118 ones in Vietnam and 21 in other 5 countries

Andina Bottling Company Case Essay -- Business Cola Products Latin Ame

Andina Bottling Company Case Andina is a major distributor of Coca-Cola products in Latin America. The market for soft drinks is very competitive in Latin America. The dominate brands are not necessarily Coca-Cola or Pepsi brands. For a company to succeed in the distribution and manufacturing of soft drinks in Latin America, they need to be efficient. The plants need to work at capacity or close to it. The distribution also has to be logical. It is not worth it for them to sell to less populated mountain areas. The point of the new system that Andina is introducing is going to make sales, distribution, and manufacturing easier. The three countries are going to share their information with each other. Control panel and the rest of the system will be successful if Andina can convince each country that they can trust it. Andina is doing a good job of trying to unite the three subsidiaries through Control Panel. For Andina to succeed in the bottled drinks manufacturing and distribution business, they need to be the most efficient that they can be. There are many bottled drinks in Latin America. There are many knock-offs of Coca-Cola as well. Andina is facing a lot of competition. They need to make sure that they are selling to a larger audience and not to a smaller one. There is no point in concentrating a large amount of your sales force on a mountain area or one that is spread out over some distance unless there is a large population that the drink is marketed to. If the mountain region makes up less than 5% of the company’s sales, they should try to focus on a more populated area with more of a target market. In the case, it talks about how this happened in Argentina. They had 25,000 clients that accounted for only 3% of their sales, (10). The distribution costs were incredibly high on these customers. The smaller clients were raising their distribution costs because deliverin g a case here and a case there adds up. When it comes to manufacturing, the company needs to make sure that they have enough outputs for the demand. Also the sales force needs to target the correct market. If the sales force focuses on a market with low consumption, their sales are not going to be as good as a market with high consumption. With the implementation of the new system and control panel, Andina is trying to bring their company together. T... ...elped solve. In order for Control Panel to work fully, Andina corporate needs to convince their Brazilian subsidiary that the Control Panel is here to help not hurt them. Also it seems like a case of the managers being afraid of losing their jobs to other managers such as one from Chile. The corporate headquarters needs to reassure them that Control Panel is not a way to fire the employee but there to help them do their job more effectively and efficiently. Maybe a training session with the employees could help boast their confidence in the system. For the managers in Brazil, they could hold like a managers retreat and inform them of how useful the whole system and it components are. They could also try to reassure them that they will not be losing their jobs because of the implementation of the new system. Andina is making a very good effort to combine their company. They seem to be willing to work with each subsidiary to try and make the manufacturing and distribution processes easier. They need to continue to take the path they are currently on. They also need to keep reassuring their subsidiaries that this new system and all it components are there to help not destroy.

Sentencing and punishment essay in achieving justice Essay

The main purpose of the criminal justice system is to prevent crimes and to protect citizens from the wrong doings of others and to keep society in a stable and working order. Throughout Australia, sentencing is the final unambiguous act given from the court to the offender as their result of punishment. The Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) is apparent to be one of the main core of statutory guidelines in relation to the sentencing procedure in NSW. The law itself explores the type of penalties, purposes of punishment, clarifies that prison is the last resort and discusses the limitations on penalties. The Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) characterises all the various factors which have to be considered during the act of sentencing, for example, mitigating and aggravating factors such as the evidence in which is presented by the circumstance of the crime and or the character of the offender, as well as the state of mind in which the offender was under. This es say will further highlight the effectiveness of sentencing and punishment to an extent as for the ineffectiveness of the issue as well. The main purpose of the criminal justice system is to prevent crimes and to protect citizens from the wrong doings of others and to keep society in a stable and working order. Throughout Australia, sentencing is the final unambiguous act given from the court to the offender as their result of punishment. The Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) is apparent to be one of the main core of statutory guidelines in relation to the sentencing procedure in NSW. The law itself explores the type of penalties, purposes of punishment, clarifies that prison is the last resort and discusses the limitations on penalties. The Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) characterises all the various factors which have to be considered during the act of sentencing, for example, mitigating and aggravating factors such as the evidence in which is presented by the circumstance of the crime and or the character of the offender, as well as the state of mind in which the offender was under. This essay will further highlight the effectiveness of sentencing and punishment to an extent as for the ineffectiveness of the issue as well. The main purpose of the criminal justice system is to prevent crimes and to protect citizens from the wrong doings of others and to keep society in a stable and working order. Throughout Australia, sentencing is the final  unambiguous act given from the court to the offender as their result of punishment. The Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) is apparent to be one of the main core of statutory guidelines in relation to the sentencing procedure in NSW. The law itself explores the type of penalties, purposes of punishment, clarifies that prison is the last resort and discusses the limitations on penalties. The Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) characterises all the various factors which have to be considered during the act of sentencing, for example, mitigating and aggravating factors such as the evidence in which is presented by the circumstance of the crime and or the character of the offender, as well as the state of mind in which the offender was under. This essay will further highlight the effectiveness of sentencing and punishment to an extent as for the ineffectiveness of the issue as well.

Different Approaches in Conflict Management

The case that is being analyzed is about the power issues between Lenore and Caroline. This paper will assess the power relationship between the two and explain in great detail the power balancing strategies that can be used. Also included in this paper, will be the Wilmot- Hocker assessment guide. The Wilmot – Hocker Assessment Guide will be the basic foundation for this paper. This assignment will explain the goals of each individual and the messages they use to achieve them. This case study will include examples from the conversation in order to back up certain ideas. Before Lenore and Caroline engage in conflict, Lenore felt she was being shunned from the family. This feeling of being shunned, resulted in Lenore having a hostile attitude toward Caroline and her family. Even though Lenore feels neglected, she will only state a few of the reasons why she † Feels a non-person in Caroline†s life and her kid†s.† The reason why she will not engage fully into conflict is she afraid of conflict. She views confrontation in a negative way. If she did not perceive conflict in a negative view, she would then be more direct on how she feels. When Caroline begins to defend herself and her family, Lenore instantly backs away and pretends to forget what she had previously stated. Lenore is denying that something was communicated because she is trying to ignore the existence of power (Interpersonal Conflict p. 87). Caroline is the exact opposite of Lenore. Although Caroline does not initiate the conflict, she does not back down from conflict. It is obvious that Caroline is not afraid of conflict. Since the relationship between her mother and her is important, she wants to understand why her mother feels the way she does. Caroline realizes in order to do so, a conflict between ideas will occur. She understands if the conflict is handled correctly, the relationship will gradually become stronger with her mother. Both of their ideas about how a family should be raised will brought out into the open in a conflict. After reading over the case, it was apparent that both Lenore and Caroline use metaphoric images when they are communicating to each other. Lenore states that parent†s are the best role models for children. If you†re not going to provide that model for them, who is? Caroline responds by saying, † I can not buy what you are saying.† Although this type of metaphoric image is not mentioned in the book, one must assume that this is an example of conflict as a product. By saying I can not buy what you are saying, Caroline is stating the metaphoric message that conflict is a product and can be bought if it is at the right price. When Lenore told Caroline that she is heading into fairly stormy waters, Lenore is using what is considered to be a negative metaphor. Stormy waters can be extremely destructive by being repetitive, powerful, and inescapable. The book would compare Lenore†s statement as being â€Å"Conflict is a Tide.† Both Lenore and Caroline do not use metaphoric images in a positive way. If both parties realized those metaphors can cast a negative tone, it would limit the possibility for productive conflict management. Neither party would have used the metaphors. Lenore is a senior citizen, which would make her over sixty-years of age. Taking her age and the way she communicates into consideration, one can assume that she is a conservative and an old fashion type of lady. She demands that Caroline and her children show her respect because of her age. It is even mentioned in the case, that Lenore would drop everything when her parents came to visit her. Caroline is thirty- years old, and it is obvious that she is more liberal then Lenore. Caroline can understand her daughter†s actions a lot clearer then can Lenore. The difference in generations is one of the main ingredients of the conflict. The older generation of people can not adapt to the change in families. For example, people in Lenore†s time were not so busy with † Car pools, tennis games, and trips that we†re really not crucial to any part of your life style.† This generation of families is on a lot more hectic schedule. Lenore and many other people from her generation, have a hard time adapting to the fast pace life many families endure. Lenore must understand and accept that Caroline†s parenting style suits the lifestyle of the family. Lenore†s parenting style may have worked in the fifties, but it will not work in the nineties. Until Lenore accepts this fact, there will always be a conflict between them. The event that triggers the conflict, is when Caroline†s daughter runs right past Lenore and does not say hello. Lenore interprets that the kid is â€Å"spoiled†, and that Caroline has failed at raising her children correctly. This is the event that brought the conflict into mutual awareness. Since Lenore is Caroline†s mother, she unarguably believes she knows what is best for Caroline†s family. This first event lead†s into a destructive spiral of more of Lenore†s problems with Caroline and her family. One of the other problems in the past that upsets her, is that she wants to feel a part of their lives. It seems that if Lenore is not the center of attention, then there must be something wrong. Caroline believes that there is nothing wrong with her family. Lenore is overreacting and she should just let her be her own person. However, Lenore feels that there is a crisis in the family. She gets even more upset and angry, when Caroline refuses to agree with her that there is a problem in the family. Because Caroline will not agree with Lenore, it adds fuel to the fire. Caroline will listen to her mother because it is her mother, but that does not mean she will agree or change her tactics. Caroline expresses the struggle in a rational state of mind. She does not ignore her mother; instead, she communicates the message she understands her mother has a problem. The mother expresses the struggle in an over-reacting and unrational state. It is overwhelming to her that her daughter will not conform to what she says. She interprets this as being a sign of disrespect. In order to understand what the incompatible goals are, we must understand what the relational goals of each party are. First of all, Lenore wants her grandchildren to † kiss and hug her every time they see her.† She also wants her daughter to show her much more respect. On the other hand, Caroline wants her mother to realize that her grandchildren still love and respect her, even though they do not kiss and hug her every time they see her. Since Caroline wants one thing and Lenore wants another, this leads into incompatible goals. Both Caroline and Lenore want different things and this causes a struggle over goals. The reason why there is a struggle over goals is because time is a scarce resource. The case study would imply that Caroline†s daughter lives a busy life. She has restraints on her time to play with her friends. When she is not playing tennis or going to school, she wants to spend her time with her friends. This is a normal response for children her age. The grandmother does not understand the time restraints on Tara. The granddaughter would rather spend some time with her friends and have fun, then sit around and listen to outdated theories of Dr. Spock. If both Lenore and Caroline were to engage over what goals are important to them, there would be less of a problem. The situation does not have to be Grandma versus the family. This particular case study lacks goal clarity. Lenore only discovers her goals during the course of the conflict. She only began to engage in conflict, when Tara ran past her and ignored her. Before this incident, she did not have a plan on how to become a bigger influence in the family. If Lenore really wanted to improve the relationship with the family, she would not have been so individualistic. She could have taken account for the family†s needs as well as hers. Lenore could have mentioned that she thought her knowledge on raising families could benefit Caroline and would also help Lenore feel a part of the family. Throughout the conflict, Caroline was defending herself and her family. Therefore, she used a lot of self-oriented tactics. She became very defensive when Lenore said that she was not interested in their advice or in their decisions. She was forced to defend herself and her family. By being defensive, it limited her to only being able to respond back. She was unable to make clear exactly what she wanted from her mother. Although the prospective goal was not mentioned, it was obvious that Lenore was upset with the behavior of Tara and Caroline. Lenore stated that her husband and her â€Å"feel like their a non-person in your life and your kids life.† Lenore†s first goal would be an example of a relational goal. Lenore wanted her grandchildren and her own daughter to treat her with respect. The conflict was about who Lenore and Caroline are to each other. If Lenore is Caroline†s mother, she should treat her like a mother. However, Caroline feels Lenore should stop telling her what is best for her and her family. This is also an example of a relational goal. Since Caroline and Lenore have opposing views on their relationship, a conflict developed. The transactive goals that developed in this conflict happened while the conflict was taking place. Caroline was not aware of how her mother felt about their relationship. Even though this conflict took place, Caroline still does not know how the mother feels about the relationship. In the beginning stages of the conflict, Caroline†s goal was to explain why her daughter did not say hello. That was a relational goal. After Caroline realized that her mother was upset about how Caroline is raising her children, the goal drastically changed from being a relational goal to an identity goal. Who is Caroline to her mother? When Caroline said,† Just because you†re my mother does not mean that we have to think exactly the same,† it showed Caroline was trying to clarify their relationship. During the conflict, Caroline was trying to save face. In order to do so, she had to stick up to her mother. Her mother ,however, wanted to still have control of Caroline and the way she raised her family. When a valid point was made, her mother would find a way to change it around. For example, when Caroline said, â€Å"You brought me up to understand that I am my own person,† her mother responded by saying, † I hope I threw in some training sessions on respecting other people†s authority.† Lenore was accusing Caroline of being a poor mother and having a poor daughter. Lenore could not accept that her daughter could make good decisions, without her assistance. Since it is not known what exactly the retrospective goal is, one must assume that Caroline realized she should have handled the conflict differently. If the goals in the beginning were clarified, there would not have been such a dispute. Neither party specialized in any type of goal. By the end of the conflict, both parties still did not know what the other party wanted. The power issue between Lenore and Caroline is not discussed. Lenore, who has less power then Caroline, is trying to take away Caroline†s power. Lenore uses an either/or approach. Caroline is trying to move Lenore against her will. What this means is she is trying to force Lenore to do what she says. If Lenore says that Caroline is not raising her family correctly, she better change something. Caroline and Lenore are in a conflict over who should have power in the relationship. The mother believes that she knows best on how to raise children and Caroline should listen to her. French and Raven would describe this source of power as expertise. Since Lenore is the mother of Caroline, she believes she has the wisdom, knowledge, and expertise on how a family should operate. Caroline refuses to accept her mother†s opinion and that leads into a struggle over power. When Caroline was younger, her mother was able to punish (coercion) her when she did not like her behavior. Now that she is older her mother is unable to do that and it causes Lenore to be less powerful. Her mother can only verbally attack Caroline, and that is exactly what she does. A currency that Caroline did not realize she had was her interpersonal linkage. She serves as the bridge between Lenore and Tara. Lenore would not know how Tara felt if it was not for Caroline. If Caroline choose not to tell Tara how Lenore felt, there is nothing Lenore could do about it. This would make Lenore even have less power. Lenore and Caroline have a power imbalance. Lenore†s goal is to strive for higher power. She even mentions if she was the mother, the children would not be acting this way. Lenore communicates to Caroline in what is called competitive symmetry. This means that she uses a repeated pattern of one-ups. An example of this would be when Lenore said, â€Å"This your mother talking.† Lenore attempted to have Caroline be submissive and to agree with her by communicating with one-downs. Instead, Caroline attempted to communicate in what is called a complementary pattern. She would say, † Your are twisting this all around to make me see your point of view. So what if we disagree with minor things.† She was using a one-up pattern at first by saying how she truly felt, but she then use a one-down pattern when she explained her reasoning and she hoped her mother would agree. The type of style that Lenore uses is called competitive. She is highly concerned for her own needs and she really does not have a high concern for others. For example she says, â€Å"We just have begun to realize that we are going to start looking out for our own needs-alone.† This statement is implying that her needs must be meet first and foremost. What makes this case interesting, is that Lenore also uses an avoidance technique throughout the argument. When Lenore said, â€Å"Nonsense! I†ve never ever told you what to do or when to do it.† This remark indicates that Lenore decided that she would avoid continuing in the argument. She is using what is called a nonconsensual avoidance. She is ignoring everything that Caroline has to say. Caroline uses a collaborative style when she communicates with her mother. She has a high concern for her needs, but she also has a high concern for her mother†s needs. The problem is her mother and her can not clarify what they want. So it makes it impossible for Caroline to find an integrative solution that will satisfy them both. What results from this is a symmetrical â€Å"attack-attack† patterns, were they are trying to one-up each other. Caroline, Lenore, and Tara are involved in what is known as a toxic triangle. Tara and Lenore are at the top corners, while the grandmother is at the bottom corner. The results from a toxic triangle can be devastating to the relationship. If the grandmother would accept Tara withdrawing from the triangle, it would give Lenore and Caroline time to discuss their current relationship. The focus would not be about Tara, but instead them. This one to one communication could result in the two collaborating. All and all, both parties need to realize in order to accomplish their goals, they need to know exactly what their goals are. Lenore uses the avoidance and competitive style, while Caroline uses the competitive and collaboration style. They will only further damage the relationship if they keep competing with each other over who has power.

buy custom The American Legal System Process of Robert Hansen essay

buy custom The American Legal System Process of Robert Hansen essay This research paper mainly focuses on roles that the American legal system has played in relation to a case that involves Robert Hansen who was also known as Butcher Baker. Robert Hansen was an American serial killer who was born on 5th February 1939. He was a married man who had a kid but none of them knew what he was doing in his life. He was convicted for a number of different charges. He is a man who confessed to the killing of 17 women and a person who was also involved in the raping of another 30 women within a period of 12 years. He was a well known criminal who was associated with all the wrong deeds. Due to all this counts, he was sentenced to life imprisonment which was topped up with 461 years in prison. Therefore, this paper tries to focus on the role that the United States legal system played regarding a man who had such severe accusations. In any particular case, there exist laid down laws that should be followed so as to ensure that a case has been judged fairly and th at every victim is contented with the judgment beyond any reasonable doubt. This paper therefore analyzes the role that the American legal system played in Robert Hansens case by explaining the different roles played by the lawyers, the police, the jury and the judges in making the case a success. It also tries to show that the above parties played their own roles successfully in reaching the amicable judgment that was handed to Hansen without any bias. It tries to show how the investigators or police came up with the evidence that they got, how the defense lawyers argued against the laid down evidence, how the victims lawyers proved that the evidence that was brought before the court was correct and indeed worth sentencing Hansen to a reasonable sentence, how the judges accessed everything that was tabled before them and lastly how the jury came up with their sentence. Introduction The United States legal system mainly consists of courts. In the United States of America, courts are the ones responsible in rendering decisions which when put together have an impact in the lives of many people in the country. In any given case, there exist different parties where the courts decision may have an effect only on the parties entitled to any given legal action. In any particular ruling done by a court, there must be a number of Americans either welcoming the ruling or other Americans disapproving the same ruling. However, the court is the body that comes up or makes the final decision. In other words, it can be termed as the body that interprets the law (Calvi, 2011). The courts are not the entire American legal system but they are with no doubt central to the American legal system. With the passing of each day, the courts in turn have different roles. The roles played by the courts include: the interpretation of the law, settling disputes under the laws and sometime doing away with the laws that violate the American citizens fundamental protections which are in the American constitution. The American legal system provides the rule of law and guarantees other common norms. This means that the American citizens depend greatly upon the legal system with them depending on its predictability and its enforceable common norms that are guaranteed by this system. The American citizens also need to refer to the system when making some important decisions in their lives. These decisions may include: parents coming up with the will for their children and different parties entering into a business contract among others. The American legal systems have therefo re evolved so as to satisfy the ever growing needs of the nation as well as the nations complex economic and social realities (Van Dervort, 1999). The role of the American legal system to Robert Hansens charges The Americanlegal system provided the necessary guidelines that were followed during Butcher Bakers case. Through the American legal system, Hansen was found guilty of a couple of offences. This is because the American legal system does not allow deeds such as: the illegal possession of guns and weapons which he had, one to kill another person an offence that Butcher Baker had done, anyone to rape a woman another offence that he was guilty of 30 times. Robert Hansen was therefore charged with all these counts in the court of law under the outlined American legal system (Bernard, 1993). The role of Judges in Robert Hansens charges In the American legal system, the judges have the role of presiding over the court proceedings. The judge who was involved in Robert Hansens case conducted the trial impartially. He gave all the witnesses a chance to testify for or against Hansen. He also gave the lawyers of the accused, Hansen, and of the dead victims time to argue for their respective clients tabling down all the available evidence which included: maps containing the location of the grave sites of Hansens dead victims, jewelries of his victims among other evidences (Walter, 1991). The investigators of the case, those who had discovered the shocking evidences, were also given a chance by the judges to testify before the court. After the judge had given all this individuals chances of testifying, he later accessed the credibility of all the evidences by looking at the arguments made before him regarding the case. He then interpreted the law in accordance to the case and made his personal judgment. The jury and the judge reached the decision of sentencing Hansen to life imprisonment and an additional 461 years without parole (Hickey, 2006). The role of Anchorage Jury In the American legal system, it is the role of the jury to listen to the evidence that has been tabled before them and then come up with an amicable ruling or prosecution. In Hansens case, different evidence was tabled before the jury by both parties and the investigators. The jury listened to it carefully and then returned 4 indictments against Butcher Baker. He was indicted for the following counts: guilty of the first degree assault and kidnapping, charged with five counts of misconduct as the jury was provided with the evidence that he was in possession of a hand gun, charged with theft in the second degree and lastly charged with theft by deception in the insurance fraud (Jenkins, 1994). The role of the Defense (Hansens) Lawyers In the American legal system, there exists the defense lawyer who has the role of arguing for the charged person. He may also have the right to appeal a case when they are not satisfied with the final judgment given to their client. He also has the role of ensuring that their clients get the most favorable sentence. In the Robert Hansens case, the defense lawyer who was arguing for Hansen requested the district attorney (D.A), Victor Krumm to hold a meeting with them. Krumm tabled an offer to Hansen and his lawyer. He asked Hansen to confess the truth and in return would only be charged for the four counts, that they were already aware of. He was also told that if he confessed everything, he could not serve his sentence in a maximum security facility but in a federal one. The defense lawyer urged his client, Robert Hansen, to take the tabled offer as it looked like the most favorable one. Robert then pleaded guilty to the counts that he was charged with (Melone, 2008). The role of the victims lawyers In the American legal system, there exist two parties in every case where each party has their own lawyers. The victim who is pressing ccharges has his or her own lawyers who usually have the role of seeing that justice has been served to the accused person. In Robert Hansens case the victims lawyers used the evidence that was provided by the investigators. This evidence included the ballistic results that were compared to Hansens riffle, the jewelries of the victims that Hansen had killed among other evidences. They also supported their evidence with their skills and made sure that they had convinced the court about Hansens guilt so that he could get the sentence that he truly deserved. In this case, the victims lawyers made the jury understand clearly that Hansen was guilty of all the charges that were pressed against him and as a result, he was prosecuted to life sentence and an additional 461 years in jail without parole (Peck, 2001). The role of the police in Robert Hansens case The American legal system states that for a suspect to be prosecuted in a court of law, sufficient evidence should be tabled before the court against the suspect in question. The police are the ones who help a great deal in the investigation process which gives rise to the evidence that will be tabled in the court by the lawyers and the other parties who are involved in court proceedings. In Robert Hansens case, he was a suspect of several killings and rape cases and so the police were called upon to investigate on the matter so that Baker could be prosecuted. The police, investigators, went to his work place and asked him to accompany them to the police station for questioning. He was not surprised by their request and therefore, he accompanied them without any hesitation. The American legal system advocates that in an investigation of any particular case, warrants should be issued to the involved suspects and so in the Hansens case, the investigators issued warrants on Hansens hous e as well as his plane (Scheb, 2002). On the course of the investigation, there were many weapons that were found in his house but the investigators still did not have any evidence that would prove him being responsible for the women killings. During the process of the investigation, one investigator discovered that there was a hidden space in the rafters of the house. After searching the space, they found pieces of jewelry, a drivers license and a clinging newspaper. Some of these discoveries were possessions of one of the women that he was alleged to have killed. In this case, the police played the role of finding the evidence that was used against Hansen and tabled before him by the victims lawyers during the prosecution. The police also conducted some ballistic experiment and provided the court with its results. They proved that the shell casings found in the grave sites of Hansens victims had all come out of his rifle (Segal, 2005). Conclusion It has been clearly shown that the American legal system plays a big part in insuring that justice has been served. Robert Hansen was a man who had been killing and raping women for a couple of years without anyones know how but finally he was investigated and through the well laid down laws that are contained in the American legal system, he was prosecuted and convicted for the wrong deeds that he did. The essay also shows that the prosecution is a long process which involves many different parties and thus people are supposed to exercise patience so as to bring the truth into light. The police investigated Robert Hansen for a long time without getting any evidence but they later found what they were looking for. This shows that patience and determination was the key to the discoveries that led to the prosecution of Butcher Baker. The American legal system therefore contains well laid down frame work that lets people suffer from the wrong deeds that they do. Buy custom The American Legal System Process of Robert Hansen essay

Essay on Sustainable Development of Environment Essays

Essay on Sustainable Development of Environment Essays Essay on Sustainable Development of Environment Paper Essay on Sustainable Development of Environment Paper Essay Topic: Renewable energy According to WEEK sustainable development means a process of hang in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development and institutional change are all in harmony and enhance both current and future potentiality to meet human needs and aspirations. Sustainable development is a development that meets needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. For achieving sustainable development what is needed in global movement as well as significantly increased political will and public pressure in order to persuade industry, governments and institutions to take responsibility for their action. It must be borne in mind that development should not endanger the natural system that supports life on earth. With this attitude towards nature technological advances increase our ability to use earth resources and thus increase the damage. However, the realization is growing fast that we are in a world of limits and ever increasing growth of material consumption can only damage the life giving physical components of the environment. The concept of sustainable development was highly appreciated at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (OUNCE) at a ROI De Jeanne in Brazil, commonly known as Earths Summit. Sustainable development also needs understanding the basic needs of deprived people of the world. It is necessary to provide opportunities in order to satisfy their aspirations for a better and secured life. Sustainable development can be successfully achieved by (l) conservation or reduction of excessive resource use (II) recycling and reuse of materials and Ill) more use of renewable resources like solar energy, rather than non renewable resources such as oil and coal. The sustainability of development is initially linked to the dynamics of growth of population. The failure of family planning programmer has been the principal reason for Indians continuing backwardness. It is thus essentially needed to adopt a rational, welfare oriented human approach to family planning in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development. In this respect the developed countries have supranational impact on the global environment compared to developing countries. Besides, industry has always been the primary cause of economic development. Needless to mention that without adequate environmental protection development cannot be achieved to the extend which we require. The kinds of industries that grow fast determine the severity of pressure on natural resources and consequent environmental problems. Apart from industries involvement, global warming stands in the way of sustainable development. The primary cause of global warming is the green house gases. The generation of excessive amount of green house gases by developed countries is a matter of serious concern. The climatic changes induced by green house gases effects agriculture, and other fields including forestry. It must be released that development at the cost of greenery and ecology, cannot be called as sustainable development. Over exploitation of natural resources, deforestation and the extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture have resulted many changes in the different components of environment. In this respect it is always desirable to use environment friendly products on controlling agricultural pollution towards sustainable developments. Pesticides are considered as biological control agents like bacteria, fungi and insects which work for pest control in plants. Industrial revolution has led to the development of cities where population has been increased due to what is known as arbitration. The population grog. VT in the cities has led to acute shortage of clean environment. The arbitration adds to air, water and noise pollution to a greater extent.

Non-standard English and the New Tribalism

Non-standard English and the New Tribalism Non-standard English and the New Tribalism Non-standard English and the New Tribalism By Maeve Maddox Dave Frohnmayer, President Emeritus of the University of Oregon, defines the New Tribalism as, the growth of a politics based upon narrow concerns, rooted in the exploitation of divisions of class, cash, gender, region, religion, ethnicity, morality and ideology, a give-no-quarter and take-no-prisoners’ activism that demands satisfaction and accepts no compromise. I believe that much of the misuse of standard English that we are witnessing is linked to the New Tribalism. Nonstandard English is a tribal marker. Consciously or unconsciously, speakers who have been taught standard grammar and word formation, but persist in saying or writing such stuff as, Me and my friends play video games. They invited my wife and I. The detour effected our plan’s. Your my best friend. I’ll definately be their. do it because they identify with a group that feels that the use of standard speech does not reflect who they are. In the first half of the 20th century, when not every child had the opportunity to progress all the way through high school, learning to speak a standard dialect in addition to one’s home dialect was not seen as an optional by-product of education. The teaching of standard grammar, pronunciation, and spelling was one of public education’s major goals. Standard English was seen as a passport to a job in a bank or an office or a high class department store. It was a goal that ambitious young people mastered before having to leave school at the age of 13 or 14. Two interviews in a documentary about life in the 1930s and 1940s illustrate the change that has taken place in U.S. educational outcomes since the early 20th century. One of the interview subjects was a white man who grew up on an isolated farm and attended a one-room school house. The other subject was a black man who grew up in a poor neighborhood in Chicago. I can’t say with certainty, but I’d guess both grew up speaking nonstandard dialects at home. In the interviews, both men spoke standard English. They spoke with regional accents and inflections, but neither man made the pronoun and verb errors that are so common these days. In the 1940s, only about 50% of the school population graduated from high school. The other half did well to complete eighth grade. Nowadays, school attendance is compulsory to the age of 16 in nineteen states, 17 in eleven states, and 18 in twenty states. Mastery of English grammar seems to have dwindled as time spent in school has increased. A lot of critics blame the modern plague of sloppy English on texting and computer use. I don’t buy that. Texting and Twitterspeak are dialects in their own right. They operate under their own sets of rules. There’s no reason an excellent texter can’t also be an excellent writer of standard English. Doctors may talk about â€Å"phalanges† at a medical conference, but they talk about â€Å"fingers† and â€Å"toes† to their patients. The toughest punk on the street corner probably doesn’t go home and address his mother as â€Å"Yo, Bitch!† Most speakers instinctively shape their language to suit their listeners and readers. When native speakers pass through eight or more years of formal instruction without mastering standard English, something psychological is going on. Certainly there are other contributing factors, but I’m convinced that a great part of the problem is a fear of tribal rejection. What standard English needs is a lobby, like the ones that exist to fight bullying and domestic abuse. It needs well-funded activists and celebrity spokesmen urging young people to say â€Å"My friends and I play video games.† It needs more employers like Kyle Wiens, iFixit CEO and founder of Dozuki. He requires all job applicants to pass a grammar test before interviewing them for a job of any kind. Says Wiens, Grammar signifies more than just a person’s ability to remember high school English. I’ve found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something completely unrelated to writing - like stocking shelves or labeling parts. Now, as in the 1940s, the ability to speak and write a standard form of English is the ticket to a better life. Even if tribal identity requires speaking a distinctive dialect within the group, the ability to speak and write a standard form of English can be a great social equalizer. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing LightDoes "Mr" Take a Period?How to Send Tactful Emails from a Technical Support Desk

International Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Human Resource Management - Essay Example The Asian employee was one of a handful of employees from Asia, and was poorly recognised by the White-dominated senior management. In addition, the Asian employee eventually found out that the senior managers had initiated no attempt to gain knowledge of and appreciate diversity in the company, and had implemented several corporate principles and rules, especially those concerning proper clothing at work, that most employees of different ethnic origins thought were intolerable and offensive. Consequently, the working relationships were obviously weak and conflict-ridden. These employees believed that they were victims of racial discrimination. And based on what I have learned from our textbooks, especially from Shaun Tyson’s Essentials of Human Resource Management (2006), I believe that they were actually unfairly discriminated because of their ethnic origin. There are different types of discrimination. Discrimination could be ‘indirect’ or ‘direct’. Indirect discrimination involves processes and rules that discriminate subtly, like clothing rules that implies that some employees belonging to an ethnic minority are not allowed to wear customary clothes at work. On the other hand, direct discrimination is an observable type of discrimination, like not hiring or assigning certain employees to higher positions (Wright & Conley 2011, 14). Workplace bullying and harassment are other examples of direct discrimination. In the UK, everybody should be protected from harassment or racial discrimination. The Race Relations Act safeguards citizens from racial discrimination (Tyson 2006, 425). If anyone experiences any form of racial discrimination at work, s/he should file an official complaint to the employment tribunal. To successfully pursue a complaint under the Race Relations Act, the petitioner has to actually prove that the action of a colleague or an employer led to him/her being unfairly treated due to his/her ethnic origin. It is immaterial whether they planned or deliberately discriminated against the petitioner or not; the matter is the action that resulted in a racial discrimination (Craig 2007, 9). The Race Relations Act includes every feature of employment, as well as terms and condition of employment, removal from office/dismissal, redundancy, compensation packages, training, promotion, selection, and recruitment. However, and it is essential to take note of this, not all occupations are protected by the Act, such as private residential services (Tyson 2006, 425-426). Another major fact about the Act is that it not merely prohibits occurrences of discrimination; it also prohibits employers from allowing such discrimination to continue. In addition, it grants individuals who witness discrimination, but are not victims of it themselves, the power to take action against it (Wright & Conley 2011, 11-12). I, personally, experienced too much difficulty mustering the strength to do something about the racial discrimination I witnessed at work. However, the Act also forbids persecution or discrimination against the person who has pursued a discrimination case. Nevertheless, there are exclusions to the Act. If someone, most likely an employer, sufficiently and reasonably justified the act of hiring a person of a certain racial affiliation, then that will be permitted or considered legal (Wright & Conley 2011, 230). Moreover, there is range for initiating positive effort, where someone can call out for individuals of a certain ethnic origin to

Managing a wide range of cultural diversity in the workplace is Essay

Managing a wide range of cultural diversity in the workplace is challenging but not impossible - Essay Example Cultural diversity in work place is difficult to handle, but is manageable. This essay will address the main hurdles in effective management under culturally diverse circumstances and solutions to such problems. Cultural diversity refers to multiculturalism or interaction of individuals from different cultures at one platform. This phenomenon occurs as a result of international migration. People from several diverse cultures and nations migrate to other places usually developed areas for work. This makes management difficult. According to UNESCO (2003) some 175 million people live away from their birth places and this rate was reported to be 200 million by the World Bank in 2009. When individuals from various diverse cultures accumulate in a single organization, the management is faced by following common issues: Where there is cultural diversity, people from different races are provided with several opportunities to interact. An interaction at such a level is sometimes ridden with racial issues that are again quite challenging to manage. In culturally diverse workplaces, sometimes individuals from a contrasting culture fail to absorb or even understand the organizational culture. This is referred to as a cultural shock. Cultural shock leads to negative feelings of helplessness and isolation, usually leading to poor performance at work by the individual. Communication barriers among the co workers due to their diverse cultures also pose a problem in such scenarios and if left un dealt with, can pose serious limitations in the organization’s overall performance. The main issues relating to cultural diversity that might pose a problem for management have been highlighted above. These issues suggest that management of cultural diversity is a difficult task. Now I will discuss how these issues can be dealt with making it possible to manage such a culturally diverse workplace. Cultural diversity can be managed at workplace if certain

Management (in general) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management (in general) - Essay Example The leader must communicate to its members so that as a group, they will know what to perform in order to achieve their goal. The leader will give a group of instructions that will guide the members of the organization. The instructions must be clear enough to understand well by the members. Decision theory is a general approach to decision making when the outcomes associated with the alternatives are often in doubt. It helps managers with decisions on process, capacity, location and inventory, because such decisions are about an uncertain future. Managers in other functional areas can also use decision theory (Lundy). According to Lundy, "Management is principally a task of planning, coordinating, motivating and controlling the efforts of others towards a specific objective".1 This definition covers the three major functions of management, viz., planning, implementing and controlling. It points out management is what management does, i.e., planning, executing and controlling group activities. Thus, managing is an art of creating favorable performance environment enabling the group to attain stated objectives and management is the body of organized knowledge, i.e., science which underlines the art. "Management is what management does" - points out the functional approach to management and emphasizes the importance of distinctive managerial functions which together give us unified concept of the process of management. Functions of management are also called elements of management. An analysis of the functions of management points out what management does. It also provides the basis for defining precisely the word 'management' (Drucker). Broadly speaking, a manager is called upon to perform the following managerial functions: 2.1 Planning When management is reviewed as a process, planning is the first function is to be performed by a manager. The work of a manager begins with the setting of objectives of the organization and goals in each area of the business (Sherlker). This is done through planning. A manager proves the present to find where he is and he then forecasts future objectives which will indicate where he wants to be. The alternatives to achieve the objectives are evaluated and the selected alternatives become the plan of action. 2.2 Organizing Managing a business is not just planning. It includes putting life into the plan by bringing together the executive personnel, workers, capital, machinery, materials, physical facilities and other things or services to execute plans. When these resources are assembled the enterprise comes to life. Organizing involves determining and noting activities needed to fulfill the objectives, grouping these activities into manageable units or departments, and assigning such groups of activities to managers (Sherlker). Delegation of authority creates an organization. It determines authority - responsibility relationship. These relationships must be properly coordinated to secure unity of organization. 2.3 Staffing Staffing involves filling the positions needed in the organization

Assessing Brilliance in Innovation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assessing Brilliance in Innovation - Case Study Example It would be within the next year that Enron would begin to go through some major financial difficulties. It will be argued here that the basic tenets of a successful company require three key aspects: profit; sustainability of innovation; and good leadership. First, one should begin with a short history of Enron. In the case of the Houston-based Enron Corporation, a multi-billion dollar institution encountered a crisis situation. The denial of top corporate executives Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling led to Enron making excuses such as blaming Arthur Andersen, its accounting firm, for its failure. An integral part of understanding Enron's demise comes from learning a little bit about the company and how it grew over the years to its existing status. Houston Natural Gas merged with InterNorth, in July 1985, to form the Enron Corporation. Over the next fifteen years, Enron expanded rapidly, establishing many new businesses worldwide. The first sign of an innovative corporation is that it shows a profit. In about fifteen years, Enron grew from nothing to being America's seventh largest company. Enron employed over 21,000 individuals in more than forty countries. Enron's executives transformed this company, without actually building a company that made significant business profits. By doing this, Enron executives could exaggerate the company's cash flow. To create these profits, Enron's executives also used many accounting procedures that seemed to confuse watchdogs-and, to make themselves look better, they blindsided everyone who thought that Enron was on top of the world, by creating hundreds of fake companies. To prevent anyone from seeing any loss from Enron, they would transfer their debt to the fake companies. By doing this, Enron's debt would seem a lot smaller than they actually were. Like many large companies, Enron had its good and its bad side. In 2002 Enron's bad side was exposed to the nation. So the question is raised, what did Enron make' Enron didn't really make anything. Enron acted as the "middleman" in large natural gas and electricity deals. Enron always admitted it was hard to define their "business" in one sentence, but they finally came up with an explanation that they make commodity markets so that they could deliver physical commodities to their customers at a predictable price. Enron seemed to have trapped employees that worked with the company. The employees were forced to put their pension money into the Enron stock, which was overvalued. The employees at Enron were just doing their jobs, and in fact should not be held to blame. "Such high turnover [at the top of corporations such as Enron] suggests that the real problem isn't a lack of innovation-it's sustained innovation."1 Although many of the future business people attend curriculums that require business law classes, the Enron scandal has proven that corporate corruption is alive and well. Also, the company proved that it could not sustain its innovation over time, because its biggest innovation, mark-to-marketing accounting, was a fraudulent innovation. It was brilliant, in the sense that profits could be estimated and then banked upon, but it was also an illegal practice to put profits on the books that were not truly there. In addition, Enron

Opening a new restaurant in New york Research Proposal

Opening a new restaurant in New york - Research Proposal Example It also helps in the management where it targets the set aims and objectives on how to attain them (Gumpert, 2004). Questions that are considered before coming up with a business plan include; what level of revenues and profits are available at that juncture? How many employees are needed to commence a company? How many locations are to be established to start with? A definite plan should also be able to reflect on the possible outcome of a shorter period like one year or below. This explains what tasks and aims should be included in the business plan to meet within one year’s time and should be successfu (Finch, 2010). Therefore, the plan will outline the type of loans that will be given to the organization, products and service involved, number of employees and their roles, staff policies, purchasing policies. The business plan is to cover the sales, objectives, strategies, marketing and financial overseas under which it helps to clarify our business ideas. It spot potential problems, set new goal and measure progress as to how the plan is structured. Therefore, this project is expected to work for eight traders who combined with their sole business and saw it necessary to come together and form a business plan. The program may help their partnership to help boost their profits (Gum pert, 2004). The major success key being utilized by the business is location. As observed earlier, the company will be located in New York, which is very populated. The company will also combine other key elements such as quality and service differentiation with the aim of attracting more customers within the shortest period. For the business to be effective, a number of staff estimated to work and help the manager include; the supply manager, purchase manager, accountant, marketing officers. In addition, advertising director, recruitment officer and subordinate staff should be included. Therefore, a single premise is evaluated to have at least

Data Collection And Analysis For India Coursework

Data Collection And Analysis For India - Coursework Example Recently, this gap has been realized and the officials are taking actions to rectify the situation. 40% of the investments made for the development of the railway system is expected to come from the private sector. There are few Public-Private-Partnership programs that have initiated the developmental programs in this sector. New railway routes for cargo trains have been placed between Mumbai and Delhi; Delhi and Kolkata so as to bridge the distance in trade. The metro railways are also developed in order to increase satisfaction and convenience of passengers.Indian roads are congested, which is mainly due to increase in a number of vehicles over years. The annual growth is recorded to be 12% and 10%. The Indian government has estimated that $90 billion is required for improving roads and highways of the country. Several projects are planned via the National Highway Development Program (NHDP), which anticipates expanding roadway to around 13,000 km. The highways have helped to reduce traffic congestion (ProceWaterHouseCopopers, 2014; Equitymaster Agora Research Private Limited, 2014). Telecommunication sector in India is built around few segments such as USOF, licensing, FDI, spectrum, security and consumer affordability. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) was the most renowned telecom provider in the Indian market. The company had obtained a large market share in the telecom industry, but the emergence of a number of private companies like, Airtel and Vodafone, had threatened the existence of BSNL.

Opening a new restaurant in New york Research Proposal

Opening a new restaurant in New york - Research Proposal Example It also helps in the management where it targets the set aims and objectives on how to attain them (Gumpert, 2004). Questions that are considered before coming up with a business plan include; what level of revenues and profits are available at that juncture? How many employees are needed to commence a company? How many locations are to be established to start with? A definite plan should also be able to reflect on the possible outcome of a shorter period like one year or below. This explains what tasks and aims should be included in the business plan to meet within one year’s time and should be successfu (Finch, 2010). Therefore, the plan will outline the type of loans that will be given to the organization, products and service involved, number of employees and their roles, staff policies, purchasing policies. The business plan is to cover the sales, objectives, strategies, marketing and financial overseas under which it helps to clarify our business ideas. It spot potential problems, set new goal and measure progress as to how the plan is structured. Therefore, this project is expected to work for eight traders who combined with their sole business and saw it necessary to come together and form a business plan. The program may help their partnership to help boost their profits (Gum pert, 2004). The major success key being utilized by the business is location. As observed earlier, the company will be located in New York, which is very populated. The company will also combine other key elements such as quality and service differentiation with the aim of attracting more customers within the shortest period. For the business to be effective, a number of staff estimated to work and help the manager include; the supply manager, purchase manager, accountant, marketing officers. In addition, advertising director, recruitment officer and subordinate staff should be included. Therefore, a single premise is evaluated to have at least

Research on the company artmagazine.cc Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On the company artmagazine.cc - Research Paper Example In addition, the website does provide access to shopping where the buyer can browse through different art-related novelty merchandise. This merchandise includes T-shirts with different artists’ slogans or artistic work, as well as modern art sculpture and tables at fairly reasonable prices. However, this aspect of the site’s sales services are more for niche market buyers looking for interesting goods related to their art needs and values. Besides this small shopping angle, artmagazine.cc is about knowledge transfer to the reader. Artmagazine.cc is about connecting with different artists and the trends associated with their particular field of art and artistry. For example, it takes advertising from different art exhibitions or specific artists who want to use this online forum to spotlight their works or opinions. If the Viennese Museum wishes to have a certain expo advertised, artmagazine.cc takes this information and creates a link where customers or art fans can learn about attendance, times and prices for being a part of this marketing event. Largely, though, artmagazine.cc makes it main purpose the exchange of knowledge about current events and current artists. It keeps people informed of what is going on in the art world, including death notifications for well-known artists and different social aspects of art across the globe and locally. The website spotlighted the death and experiences of once popular artists, along with in-depth commentaries about their works. The goal is to keep readers informed of what is going on in today’s art world and also to give specific artists, museums or exhibitions more exposure both for profit-gaining through consumer advertising or to help people in the art world gain fame. It serves as a starting point for people interested in buying their favourite artworks by highlighting where they can be found and some background information about the artists

Slavery in Ile de France

Slavery in Ile de France Slavery in Ile de France If we go back into history, we can note that slavery had existed on the island since the sixteenth century by the Dutch settlement. Slavery had become firmly embedded in the economy and society of Mauritius. Mauritius, previously known as ‘Ile de France’ was colonised by the Dutch (1638-1710), the French (1715-1810) and later by the British (1810-1835) which paved the way towards the abolition of slavery in 1835. It was only when Guillaume Dufresne d’Arsel landed in 1715 that the island came to be known as a French colony. He named it ‘Ile de France’. It was only in 1721 that the French began to occupy the island. From 1598 to 1710, the Dutch were the first one to take possession of the island. However, we cannot deny that before the Dutch stay in Mauritius, in 1510, a Portuguese sailor, Don Pedro Mascarenhas was the main founder of the island but he was not interested. Whether during the Dutch, French or British stay in Mauritius, they faced a lot of problems. So, slaves had to be brought from other countries. As we already know, since centuries, under the colonial era, the one having more territories was considered to be more powerful. But who will work on those territories? Since there were not enough workers to work on the land, it was necessary to bring slaves on the island through slave trade. Slavery had played an important role in the historiography of the island. Whether in early eighteenth or nineteenth century, while European settlers were on the island, we can examine the condition of the slaves with their masters. Slavery in Mauritius is still considered to be less harsh than others like West Indian slavery. Slaves were mainly brought from countries like Goa-India, Madagascar, Mozambique and other regions of Africa but Reunion was the first island from which slaves were first introduced in Ile de France. But what was the aim behind this? They were brought to work for the development and betterment of Ile de France. This was seen to be advantageous for slave owners since slaves’ labour was being exploited at cheaper price. The slaves were divided into different ethnic categories such as Creole, Indian, Malagasy and Mozambican. Each ethnic group were portrayed as having specific attributes; for example. Mozambican slaves were characterised as being hardworking on plantation fields which indicates that they were physically strong but less intelligent. Contrary to this, Indian slaves were weak to work on plantations fields. According to Milbert, the African slaves were less in numbers. Furthermore, Prentout adds that these slaves were seen as the best hardworking labourers but more intelligent than the Mozambican slaves;  « Parmi eux, les yolofs, plus grands et plus forts sont regardà ©s comme les meilleurs reprà ©sentants de la race nà ¨gre, ils sont plus intelligents que ceux qui viennent de la cote de Mozambique ou de la cote adjacente  ». Different names were picturised to slaves who came from Africa or Mozambique; ‘Macoas’, ‘Mondjavocas’, ‘Sennas’, ‘Moursenas’, ‘Yabanes’, ‘Mouquidos’, ‘Mavairs’, ‘Macondes’ and ‘Miamoeses’. These slaves were physically portrayed as having thick lips, flat nose, oily skin and woolly hair. Another category of slaves coming from Madagascar were known to be ‘Hovas’, ‘Betsilà ©es’, ‘Antatoimes’, and ‘Sakalavas’. Those who came from India were classified as ‘Talingas’, ‘Malabars’ and ‘Bengalis’. In addition, people had their own perception about the relationship between slaves and their owners. Likewise, Charles Telfair noticed that there was a relationship of kindness which prevailed between slaves and their masters; â€Å"dans la plus haute classe, les rapports des maitres avec les esclaves à ©taient empreints de bienveillance†. Thus, the master was far from being a cruel and oppressive ruler. Prentout further adds that;  «il n’y avait pas à   l’ile de France, la mà ªme haine des esclaves qu’aux Antilles ». Slaves were nevertheless known to be a source of property for their masters. Reynolds Michel, a priest of Catholic Diocese argues that â€Å"Slavery, an institution as old as the history of human society is based on the exploitation of man’s labour. Certainly the history of slavery is a history of blood and tears lived by millions of men and women, a memory of people torn from their land of origin, of bodies thrown at the bottom of the holds of ships, corpses thrown overboard, removal and prohibition to bear one’s surname, forced labour and humiliation n the plantations. But it is also the story of a permanent resistance from beginning to end. And it is this strength in resistance in its many forms which abolished slavery†. Therefore, slaves did not lead a comfortable and simple life. They were none other than a source of income for their masters. They were just treated like an object which could be bought or sold anytime without restriction. They had no right to neither misbehave nor demand anything. Even the children of slaves were denied the right to education and were perceived as slaves just like their parents. Power was solely concentrated in the hands of the masters, that is, whenever they wanted they could use and throw away the slaves. For example, women slaves were brought at their master’s place, just for the sake of sexual pleasures. They did not have the right to voice out. In short they did not enjoy any form of human rights and they were completely deprived of their freedom. Thus, â€Å"the history of slavery must be remembered because memory undertakes not to repeat it†. However, we cannot deny the fact that slavery had a great significance in the economic development of th e colony. Dutch period (1638-1710) The Dutch occupation in Ile de France lasted from 1638 to 1710. The Dutch presence in Mauritius became noticeable through their introduction of domestic animals and plants like sugarcane. The Dutch East India Company also known as the ‘Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie’ (VOC) was an institution where the rich and poor were treated equally in trade affairs. This had included the support of Governor Van der Stel who imported slaves as labour was required in abundance for the better functioning of the company. Mauritius was seen as a country which would derive economic benefits for the VOC. During the Dutch period, slaves were brought mainly from Madagascar to work on the fields. However, many slaves, also known as maroon slaves ran away into the forests and often caused havoc for the settlers. They destroyed houses, burn farms or other properties so as to avoid being dominated and exploited. They knew if they were captured by their masters, they had to face severe consequences but still they tried to escape. The Dutch settlement lasted for about 20 years and they finally left the island for the French in 1710. French period (1715-1810) In 1715, the French took control of the island on behalf of the King and renamed it ‘Ile de France’. The island was managed under the direction of the French East India Company and it retained its existence until 1767. From 1767 until 1810, the French government chose officials and appointed them in Ile de France but this lasted only for a short period until the French revolution. Besides, amidst the Napoleonic wars, the French used Ile de France as a base where French corsairs were successful in launching surprise attacks on British ships. Until 1810, the French attacks and efforts in holding up the colony were effective until the British landed, but this time in great numbers and thus took possession of the island while the French capitulated. While surrendering, the British assured that the practice of the French traditions, customs, language and religion would be respected and maintained. Among the French settlers, the Code Noir was established and subsequently seen as the rules that slaves had to follow. It was published between 1685 and 1783 and declared by Louis X1V in 1723. Bernardin de Saint- Pierre was somehow in favour about the regime of the ‘Code-Noir’ but he claimed that the laws established for the slaves were not really granted to them. He adds that â€Å" il y a une loi faite en faveur des esclaves appelà ©e le Code Noir. Cette loi favorable ordonne qu’à   chaque punition ils ne recevront pas plus de trente coups, qu’ils ne travailleront point le dimanche, qu’on leur donnera de la viande toutes les semaines, des chemises tous les ans; quand ils sont vieux, on les envoie chercher leur vie comme ils peuvent. Un jour j’en vis un qui n’avoit que la peau et les os, dà ©couper la chair d’un cheval mort pour la manger. C’à ©tait un squelette qui en dà ©vorait un autre†. Slaves were forced to respect the laws even if they had to undergo tyrannical treatments. Nagapen argues, â€Å"les maitres s’arrogeaient le droit de vie et de mort sur leurs esclaves†. The slaves were granted the right to be baptised by the Articles I and II of the Code-Noir. Besides, they were not allowed to join into matrimony without the permission of their masters. Yet, the ‘Code-Noir’ was somehow useful for the slaves as it provided support for them both physically and morally. The owners were restrained from ill-treating and torturing the slaves. Slaves did not work on Sundays and public holidays. Additionally, they had the right to lodge complains against their owners and that to be done to the ‘procureur- gà ©nà ©ral’ namely Virieux. When he settled on the island, â€Å"he noticed that in no other colony had slaves been treated so well and the reasons for this were that the ‘ruler’ passed ‘wise and enlightened measures’, that whites were nicer towards their slaves than free black slave- owners†. In his study, Karl Noel mentions that slaves did not complain about any laws imposed upon them. In fact, they had no right but only to be obedient towards the law. The type of punishment the slave had to face was decided by the owners. Maroon slaves had to bear harsh consequences than them like their ears being cut or they even faced death. In short, governors like Souillac and Pierre Poivre blamed the unpleasant and dreadful foundation of slavery. Slaves were also in constant struggle towards the laws imposed upon them. Those who could no more tolerate these brutal conditions landed up committing theft, suicide, abortion or even escaping from there. In 1735, the French Governor Labourdonnais started developing Ile de France. Whether under the Dutch rule or French settlement, Ile de France became victim of several threats like starvation. Hence, Labourdonnais introduced staple food like manioc and maize for the slaves. Karl Noel assumed that under the French governance there were less agricultural works but they rather focussed on commerce, industry and warfare.

Womens Rights :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early 1800s the textile mills of Lowell Massachusetts were a celebrated economic and cultural attraction. Visitors always made sure to pass this place when they visited. Surprisingly most of the workers in the mills were women. The first factory recruited Yankee women from the area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As Lowell expanded becoming the nation’s largest textile manufacturing center, the experiences of women operatives changed as well. With the pressure of competition overproduction became a problem, and high profits of the early years declined. Wages were reduced and the pace of work was stepped up. The women did not accept these changes without any protest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1834 and 1836 they went on strike to protest wage cuts. Between 1843 and 1848 they had petition campaigns aimed at reducing the hours of labor in the mills. These women were very close with each other, and they all shared the same values. This made it easy for them to be so strong in their protests. Most of these women working in the Lowell mills were housed in company boarding homes. In 1836 more than seventy-three percent of females employed by the Hamilton Company lived in houses next to the mills.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They lived in close quarters which played a role in the growth of the community. These boarding houses were the center of social life for these women after their long work days. They ate together, talked with one another, read books together, and also wrote letters. The community of women operatives developed in a setting where women worked and lived together twenty four hours a day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the women went on strike in 1834 they marched to numerous mills in an effort to induce others to join them. They said they would not go back to work until their demands were met. They wanted the wages they were getting before the reduction, to be received all of them as one, and if they do not have enough money to carry them home they shall be supplied.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first strike was brief and failed. By the next week the women either went back to work or left town. The first strike was important not because is failed or succeeded but because it took place. This showed the women were starting to have a voice in the workplace even if they were not being listened to yet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1836 the women went on strike again.

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendenta

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendentalism Transcendentalism was a movement in writing that took place in the mid-nineteenth century. It formed in the early to mid nineteenth century and reached it climax around 1850 during an era commonly referred to as the American Renaissance, America’s Golden Day, or the Flowering of New England. The basic tenets of Transcendentalism involve the relationships between one’s self and the world at large. First, the search for truth in Transcendentalism begins with the individual. The thoughts of Transcendentalist writers must come from themselves and not from others. They could study previous works for inspiration, but they could not take the ideas of others. Transcendentalist writers have complete self-reliance in their ideas. Transcendentalism called for literary, philosophical, and theological independence from Europe, earning the Transcendentalist era the label â€Å"American Renaissance.† Next, Transcendentalism also relates to the rest of the world. It applies individual energies gained through self-reliance to the overall good of society. In Transcendentalism, there is no real evil. For every apparent evil there is a true goodness. Because evil is said not to exist, Transcendentalists believe in the perfectibility of man. One well-known Transcendentalist author is Ralph Waldo Emerson. Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in New England in 1803. He entered Harvard Divinity College where he trained to become a priest. However, he later withdrew from the ministry because he did not share the same ideals that were imposed on him by church authority. In 1832, Emerson sailed to Europe to flee the despair he felt after the deaths of his wife and bro... ...using metaphors and rhythms according to his own style. Literature such as Ralph Waldo Emerson’s â€Å"Nature† and Henry David Thoreau’s â€Å"Walden† reflect the tenets of Transcendentalism. They set the foundation for Transcendentalism because Emerson and Thoreau were the â€Å"fathers† of the literary movement. Both writers searched for truth and the meaning of life on an individual level that fit their feelings. They demonstrated the perfectibility and self-reliance of individuals. For example, â€Å"Walden† tells of Thoreau’s two years of living in the woods relying on himself for food and shelter and trying to simplify his life. He wanted to demonstrate that there was no evil in the simplicity of his forest home. Just as Thoreau’s â€Å"Walden† demonstrated Thoreau’s renewal or refreshing of his own spirit, Transcendentalism was the renewal or rebirth of American Literature.

Nature Reactive Architecture – Water Research Centre

Nature Reactive Architecture – Water Research Centre 001.jpg"/> Abstraction In the procedure of Reconstruction of damaged environmental systems the human activity that chiefly causes the harm is overlooked. This attack consequences in superficial solutions which normally fail in the long tally. The chief aim of this thesis is to happen new attacks of environmental solutions through architectural intercession which would reenforce both human and environmental activity and besides achieve spacial reawakening of such barrens. For this intent the theoretical constructs of a boundary line presented by Lebbeus Woods will be used to suggest a alone architectural intercession particular to the marginal status. The features of boundary line conditions are built-in at the Bankss of Rawal Lake. The adult male made reservoir is being threatened by unbridled development engendering near its Bankss. The job of sewerage being disposed straight into the lake has surfaced. The imbibing H2O modesty is quickly being polluted and similar human activity is damaging the environmental systems of the country. The lake has a great potency for development of new and bing systems. For this intent a H2O research Centre is being proposed for the site which will besides integrate plans that will be developed from the systems working on the site. Keywords:Borderline, Ecotones, Water Architecture, Hybrid Architecture, Integration of Systems Terminology Ecotone:Anecotoneis a passage country between two biomes. It is where two communities meet and incorporate. It may be narrow or broad, and it may be local ( the zone between a field and forest ) or regional ( the passage between wood and grassland ecosystems ) . Graves, R. ( 2011 ) . Ecotone. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eoearth.org/view/article/152345 Boundary line:Borderline is the natural infinite for transmutation, where systems of all sorts collide and abrade, as the universe breaks up, non into pandemonium, but instead into new forms of order. ( Woods 1998, 35 ) Table of contents Cover pagei Abstract two Terminologyiii Chapter One 1 IntroductionTheoretical ConceptsSite Description2 Thesis Statement 3 Aims 4 Rationale 5 Scope 6 Strategic Plan Chapter two 7 Research and Research Methodology 7.1 research stages 7.2 research scheme 7.2.1. Research Topic choice 7.2.2. Literature reappraisal 7.2.3. Conceptual model 7.2.4. Research inquiries 7.2.5. Required information 7.2.6. Research scheme 8 site 8.1. Site choice standards and impact 8.2. Site survey Bibliography 1 Introduction Harmonizing to Tadao Ando: â€Å"The presence of architecture: regardless of its self-contained character – necessarily creates a new landscape. This implies the necessity of detecting the architecture which the site itself is seeking† . The undertaking will research the possibility of mixing nature and architecture which will ensue a intercrossed solution for a landscape which has lost its character of infinite and clip. Every landscape requires a alone architecture that suits its being and which reinforces its built-in character. In the instance of the Bankss of Rawal Lake, the area’s whole being and character is based upon its multiple marginal conditions. 1.1 Theoretical constructs â€Å"The natural infinite for this transmutation is the boundary line, where systems of all sorts collide and abrade, as the universe breaks up, non into pandemonium, but instead into new forms of order† ( Woods 1998, 35 ) The undermentioned thesis description will use the word boundary line as was defined and explained by Lebbeus Woods. The boundary line identifies the bing status when the superimposition of assorted systems takes topographic point, responding and clashing to supply a new landscape ( Woods, 30 ) . These systems emerge from a broad scope of human and biological activity, they can be anything from societal conditions to ecological and biological conditions and more specifically trade with environmental phenomena, disused or turning substructure, and fluctuating economic activity. It is apparent in the biological phenomena such as cell membrane and ecotones that most of the growing and development occurs in the boundary line conditions. Such infinites are a natural land for transmutation and version with interacting systems. These overlying systems create landscapes that can incubate architectural redefinition and crave an architectural idea or as suggested by Forests,provides the evidences for the development of a new ‘mode of culture.’ This thought has generated the cardinal thesis proposition. By designation of overlying systems and an appropriate reaction, new antiphonal architectural typology can emerge. Basically the thesis challenges the traditional attack of architectural intercessions in the instance of an interesting boundary line scene. The purpose is to research new originative responses to overlying conditions in countries which do non by and large welcome development. In other words, an architecture that non merely embraces overlapping systems but enhances their being. This will be achieved after comprehensive research of the systems the chosen site embodies. 1.2 Site Description The boundary line under scrutiny for the thesis exists at the Bankss of Rawal dike in Islamabad. The bank is a boundary line of two ecotones ( H2O and land ) and besides it lies at the urban periphery of Islamabad and is a average land between planned and unplanned development. Rawal Lake is an unreal lake constructed in 1960s. It is one of the two chief H2O beginnings for the duplicate metropoliss of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The H2O is fed into the lake through Korang River and natural watercourses emerging from the Margallas. It serves as the chief beginning of imbibing in add-on it besides beginnings H2O to the nearby agricultural land. However what is of greater involvement sing this thesis is the clashing systems bing on its Bankss, some triggered by human colony and activity and some ensuing from evolutionary procedures. The unreal reservoir has become a great supplier of life in the part. It is a sanctuary for legion ecological systems and has become a survival land for the vegetations and zoologies of the country. It has besides facilitated diverse human activity. Its Bankss are today being used for recreational activity which is bring forthing noteworthy economic growing. With recent outgrowth of unbridled building the job of sewerage disposal into the lake has arisen. Sing that it serves as the chief supply of imbibing H2O of Rawalpindi, it is a serious concern. Taking these parametric quantities in consideration, the undertaking will develop within the interplay of human activity and environmental system tied with the H2O of the reservoir. 2 Statement Spatial reawakening at the Bankss of Rawal Lake through development of a new architectural typology from interacting systems. 2.1 Sub statement: Borderline is a natural infinite for transmutation. It hosts covering systems and have great originative potency. An ecotone is an illustration of a state of affairs where different systems collide. From these superimposed systems a H2O research Centre will emerge with plans derived from interacting systems, composed of a filter house and a life park for worlds and wildlife. 3 Aims The thesis aims to accomplish the aims set out below:Development of an architectural typology which integrates and emphasizes the relationship between natural and human systems on the Bankss of Rawal LakeSpatial reawakening of the country associated with Rawal Lake through societal, economic and environmental upheavalProposing new systems to heighten the bing substructureCreate an architectural typology which may direct hereafter development tendencies4 Rationale Rawal Lake has become a great supplier of life within the bounds of its being. It is a sanctuary for legion ecological systems and has become a survival land for the vegetations and zoologies of the country. It has besides facilitated diverse human activity. Its Bankss are today being used for recreational activity which is bring forthing noteworthy economic growing. It besides has the potency of bring forthing electricity. With recent outgrowth of unbridled building the job of sewerage disposal into the lake as arisen. Sing that it serves as the chief supply of imbibing H2O of the country, it is a serious concern. Its place and map can show great chances of development which can travel beyond the map of merely diversion. It exists on the urban periphery of Islamabad and can supply interesting province of personal businesss mediated in planned and unplanned development. 5 Scope The range of work outlined for the undertaking is as follows:The undertaking will see the full entity of the lake. Different ecological and human systems associated with the H2O organic structure will be considered, but the proposed architectural solutions will be confined to the country of the selected site. The undertaking will non research the urban impact of the solution. It will bring forth a paradigm of an architecture that enhances and regulates the environmental systems of Rawal lake6 Strategic Plan Bibliography Forests, Lebbeus, and Ekkehard Rehfeld, eds. , Borderline. New York: Springer Wien, 1998. Groat, Linda and David Wang. Architectural Research Methods ( 2002 ) McKloskey, Francis, â€Å" Borderline- Part 5 † ( 2014 ) .Senior Theses.Paper 206. hypertext transfer protocol: //surface.syr.edu/architecture_theses/206 I